Which of the following best describes a passive heat transfer system?

A passive heat transfer system is defined by its operation without the need for active mechanical devices. This means it utilizes natural processes to facilitate heat transfer, relying on principles like convection, conduction, and radiation. For instance, in building design, passive systems might use strategic orientation, thermal mass, and insulation to maintain comfortable temperatures without mechanical heating or cooling.

This system focuses on using natural energy flows, such as sunlight or wind, rather than requiring electrical inputs or moving parts to achieve temperature regulation. In contrast, systems that require electricity to operate, such as active heating or cooling systems, do not meet the criteria for passive systems. Additionally, systems with multiple moving parts or those that rely on forced air are inherently active, as they depend on mechanical means to function. Consequently, option B accurately characterizes a passive heat transfer system.